# Numbers
x = 5          # int
y = 3.14       # float

# Strings
name = "Alice"
message = 'Hello'

# Booleans
is_valid = True
is_empty = False

# Type conversion
int("10")      # Convert to integer
str(42)        # Convert to string
float("3.14")  # Convert to float

# Arithmetic
+ - * / // % **

# Comparison
== != > < >= <=

# Logical
and or not

# If statement
if condition:
    # code
elif other_condition:
    # code
else:
    # code

# For loop
for item in sequence:
    # code

# While loop
while condition:
    # code

def function_name(param1, param2):
    # code
    return result

# Call function
result = function_name(arg1, arg2)

my_list = [1, 2, 3]
my_list.append(4)      # Add to end
my_list.insert(0, 0)   # Insert at position
my_list.remove(2)      # Remove value
my_list.pop()          # Remove last item
len(my_list)           # Get length

my_dict = {"key": "value"}
my_dict["new_key"] = "new_value"
my_dict.get("key")
my_dict.keys()
my_dict.values()
my_dict.items()